Every five years since 2012, the Institut de la statistique du Québec (ISQ) has been conducting the Enquête québécoise sur le développement des enfants à la maternelle (EQDEM), which aims to provide a portrait of the developmental level of Quebec children enrolled in kindergarten, by measuring the proportion of children considered vulnerable according to the Instrument de mesure du développement de la petite enfance (IMDPE).